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The basic operation principle is that after passing a low-pass filter, the mains voltage at 50Hz power frequency is rectified in an AC/DC converter. The basic construction of typical electronic ballast involves a low-pass filter, rectifier, buffer capacitor and a high frequency (HF) oscillator. This device can be electromagnetic (conventional) ballast with starter or electronic ballast operating at high frequency. Some device to limit the electric current flowing through it must be included in the circuit. Unlike an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp cannot be connected directly to the mains. A great many different fluorescent powders or "phosphors" are available for any desired colour temperature and colour rendering characteristics. These convert the ultraviolet radiation of the mercury discharge into longer wavelengths within the visible range. The inside of the tube is coated with a mixture of fluorescent powders.
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The discharged tube has an electrode sealed into each end and is filled with an inert gas and a small amount of mercury, the latter being present in both liquid and vapour form. The most common type of fluorescent lamp is tubular linear in shape ranged from 600mm (18W) to 1500mm (58W) in length. It is employed almost universally especially in office lighting. Application Guide to Electronic Ballasts (1033)įluorescent lamp is by far the most widespread of all discharge lamp type.